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Isoniazid-Rifapentine for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Filetype[PDF-433.15 KB]


  • English
    • Details Supporting Files You May Also Like

    Details:

    • Alternative Title:
      Am J Prev Med
    • Personal Author:
    • Description:
      Context:

      Latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis and treatment is a strategic priority for eliminating tuberculosis in the U.S. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended the short-course regimen of 3-month isoniazid-rifapentine administered by directly observed therapy. However, longer-duration regimens remain the most widely prescribed latent tuberculosis infection treatments. Limitation on adoption of 3-month isoniazid-rifapentine in the U.S. might be because of patients’ preference for self-administered therapy, providers’ lack of familiarity with 3-month isoniazid-rifapentine, or lack of resources to support directly observed therapy. This review examines the most recent evidence regarding 3-month isoniazid-rifapentine’s effectiveness, safety, and treatment completion when directly compared with other latent tuberculosis infection regimens primarily comprising 9-month isoniazid treatment.

      Evidence acquisition:

      Using Community Guide methodology, reviewers identified, evaluated, and summarized available evidence published during January 2006–June 2017. Analysis of the data was completed in 2017.

      Evidence synthesis:

      The analysis included 15 unique studies. Three-month isoniazid-rifapentine was determined to be equal to other latent tuberculosis infection regimens in effectiveness (OR 0.89, 95% CI=0.46, 1.70), and has higher treatment completion (87.5%, 95% CI=83.2%, 91.3%) compared with other latent tuberculosis infection regimens (65.9%, 95% CI=53.5%, 77.3%). Three-month isoniazid-rifapentine was associated with similar risk to other latent tuberculosis infection regimens for adverse events (relative risk=0.59, 95% CI=0.23, 1.52); discontinuing treatment because of adverse events (relative risk=0.48, 95% CI=0.17, 1.34); and death (relative risk=0.79, 95% CI=0.56, 1.11).

      Conclusions:

      The 3-month isoniazid-rifapentine regimen is as safe and effective as other recommended latent tuberculosis infection regimens and achieves significantly higher treatment completion rates.

    • Subjects:
    • Source:
      Am J Prev Med. 55(2):244-252
    • Pubmed ID:
      29910114
    • Pubmed Central ID:
      PMC6097523
    • Document Type:
      Journal Article
    • Funding:
      CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
    • Collection(s):
    • Main Document Checksum:
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    • File Type:

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