Details:

Personal Author:
Polen, Kara N. D. ; Walke, Henry T. ; Reagan-Steiner, Sarah ; Lathrop, Eva ; Rabe, Ingrid B. ; ... More +
Polen, Kara N. D. ; Walke, Henry T. ; Reagan-Steiner, Sarah ; Lathrop, Eva ; Rabe, Ingrid B. ; Kuhnert-Tallman, Wendi L. ; Martin, Stacey W. ; Walker, Allison T. ; Gregory, Christopher J. ; Ades, Edwin W. ; Carroll, Darin S. ; Rivera, Maria ; Perez-Padilla, Janice ; Gould, Carolyn ; Nemhauser, Jeffrey B. ; Beard, C. Ben ; Harcourt, Jennifer L. ; Viens, Laura ; Johansson, Michael ; Ellington, Sascha R. ; Petersen, Emily E. ; Smith, Laura A. ; Reichard, Jessica ; Muñoz-Jordan, Jorge ; Beach, Michael J. ; Rose, Dale A. ; Barzilay, Ezra J. ; Noonan-Smith, Michelle ; Jamieson, Denise J. ; Zaki, Sherif R. ; Petersen, Lyle R. ; Honein, Margaret A. ; Meaney-Delman, Dana Less -
Corporate Authors:
CDC Zika Virus Response Team.
Description:
On July 24, 2017, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release.

CDC has updated the interim guidance for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women with possible Zika Virus exposure in response to 1) declining prevalence of Zika Virus disease in the World Health Organization’s Region of the Americas (Americas) and 2) emerging evidence indicating prolonged detection of Zika Virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Zika Virus cases were first reported in the Americas during 2015–2016; however, the incidence of Zika Virus disease has since declined. As the prevalence of Zika Virus disease declines, the likelihood of false-positive test results increases. In addition, emerging epidemiologic and laboratory data indicate that, as is the case with other flaviViruses, Zika Virus IgM antibodies can persist beyond 12 weeks after infection. Therefore, IgM test results cannot always reliably distinguish between an infection that occurred during the current pregnancy and one that occurred before the current pregnancy, particularly for women with possible Zika Virus exposure before the current pregnancy. These limitations should be considered when counseling pregnant women about the risks and benefits of tTesting for Zika Virus infection during pregnancy. This updated guidance emphasizes a shared decision-making model for tTesting and screening pregnant women, one in which patients and providers work together to make decisions about tTesting and care plans based on patient preferences and values, clinical judgment, and a balanced assessment of risks and expected outcomes.

For these recommendations, the definition of possible Zika Virus exposure has not changed and includes travel to, or residence in an area with risk for mosquito-borne Zika Virus Transmission or sex with a partner who has traveled to or resides in an area with risk for mosquito-borne Zika Virus Transmission. These areas can be found on the CDC “Zika Travel Information” webpage.

Key recommendations include the following:

1) All pregnant women in the United States and U.S. territories should be asked about possible Zika Virus exposure before and during the current pregnancy, at every prenatal care visit. CDC recommends that pregnant women not travel to any area with risk for Zika Virus Transmission. It is also recommended that pregnant women with a sex partner who has traveled to or lives in an area with risk for Zika Virus Transmission use condoms or abstain from sex for the duration of the pregnancy.

2) Pregnant women with recent possible Zika Virus exposure and symptoms† of Zika Virus disease should be tested to diagnose the cause of their symptoms. The updated recommendations include concurrent Zika Virus nucleic acid test (NAT) and serologic tTesting as soon as possible through 12 weeks after symptom onset.

3) Asymptomatic pregnant women with ongoing possible Zika Virus exposure§ should be offered Zika Virus NAT tTesting three times during pregnancy. IgM tTesting is no longer routinely recommended because IgM can persist for months after infection; therefore, IgM results cannot reliably determine whether an infection occurred during the current pregnancy. The optimal timing and frequency of tTesting of asymptomatic pregnant women with NAT alone is unknown. For pregnant women who have received a Diagnosis of laboratory–confirmed Zika Virus infection (by either NAT or serology [positive/equivocal Zika Virus or dengue Virus IgM and Zika Virus plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) ≥10 and dengue Virus PRNT <10 results]) any time before or during the current pregnancy, additional Zika Virus tTesting is not recommended. For pregnant women without a prior laboratory-confirmed Diagnosis of Zika Virus, NAT tTesting should be offered at the initiation of prenatal care, and if Zika Virus RNA is not detected on clinical specimens, two additional tests should be offered during the course of the pregnancy coinciding with prenatal visits.

4) Asymptomatic pregnant women who have recent¶ possible Zika Virus exposure (i.e., through travel or sexual exposure) but without ongoing possible exposure are not routinely recommended to have Zika Virus tTesting. Testing should be considered using a shared patient-provider decision-making model, one in which patients and providers work together to make decisions about tTesting and care plans based on patient preferences and values, clinical judgment, a balanced assessment of risks and expected outcomes, and the jurisdiction’s recommendations. Based on the Epidemiology of Zika Virus Transmission and other epidemiologic considerations (e.g., seasonality), jurisdictions might recommend tTesting of asymptomatic pregnant women, either for clinical care or as part of Zika Virus Surveillance. With the decline in the prevalence of Zika Virus disease, the updated recommendations for the evaluation and tTesting of pregnant women with recent possible Zika Virus exposure but without ongoing possible exposure are now the same for all areas with any risk for Zika Virus Transmission.

5) Pregnant women who have recent possible Zika Virus exposure and who have a fetus with prenatal ultrasound findings consistent with Congenital Zika Virus syndrome should receive Zika Virus tTesting to assist in establishing the etiology of the birth defects. Testing should include both NAT and IgM tests.

6) The comprehensive approach to tTesting placental and fetal tissues has been updated. Testing placental and fetal tissue specimens can be performed for diagnostic purposes in certain scenarios (e.g., women without a Diagnosis of laboratory-confirmed Zika Virus infection and who have a fetus or infant with possible Zika Virus-associated birth defects**). However, tTesting of placental tissues for Zika Virus infection is not routinely recommended for asymptomatic pregnant women who have recent possible Zika Virus exposure but without ongoing possible exposure and who have a live born infant without evidence of possible Zika Virus–associated birth defects.

7) Zika Virus IgM tTesting as part of preconception counseling to establish baseline IgM results for nonpregnant women with ongoing possible Zika Virus exposure is not warranted because Zika Virus IgM tTesting is no longer routinely recommended for asymptomatic pregnant women with ongoing possible Zika Virus exposure.

CDC continues to evaluate all available evidence and will update recommendations as new information becomes available.


Subjects:
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Diagnostic Tests, Routine/Standards Disease Outbreaks/Prevention & Control Immunoglobulin M/blood Immunoglobulin M/Immunology Practice Guidelines As Topic Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/Prevention & Control Residence Characteristics/statistics & Numerical Data Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral/blood Travel/statistics & Numerical Data Zika Virus Infection/Prevention & Control Zika Virus Infection/Transmission
Source:
Oduyebo T, Polen KD, Walke HT, et al. Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring for Pregnant Women with Possible Zika Virus Exposure — United States (Including U.S. Territories), July 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:781-793.
Series:
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ; v. 66, no. 29, p. 781-793.
Pubmed ID:
28749921
Document Type:
Journal Article
Genre:
Guidance
Place as Subject:
United States
Collection(s):
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:f5882c619643809de9200f907c9157b36e9bbd753adb6d30dd133c3bec92646f
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/46914/cdc_46914_DS1.pdf
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