Maternal exposure to ozone and PM2.5 and the prevalence of orofacial clefts in four U.S. states

Details

• Alternative Title:
  Environ Res
• Personal Author:
  Zhou, Ying ; Gilboa, Suzanne M. ; Herdt, Michele L. ; Lupo, Philip J. ; Flanders, W. Dana ; Liu, Yang ; Shin, Mikyong ; Canfield, Mark A. ; Kirby, Russell S.
• Description:
  Background
  
  While there is some evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with orofacial clefts in offspring, the epidemiologic studies have been largely equivocal. We evaluated whether maternal exposure to elevated county-level ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone during early gestation was associated with a higher prevalence of orofacial clefts.
  
  Methods
  
  Birth data consisting of 4.7 million births from 2001 to 2007 were obtained from National Birth Defects Prevention Network for four states — Arizona, Florida, New York (excluding New York City), and Texas. The air pollution exposure assessment for gestational weeks 5–10 was based on county-level average concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone data generated using a Bayesian fusion model available through CDC's Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Two outcomes were analyzed separately: cleft lip with or without cleft palate, cleft palate alone. In logistic regression analyses, we adjusted for factors that were suspected confounders or modifiers of the association between the prevalence of orofacial clefts and air pollution, i.e., infant sex, race-ethnicity, maternal education, smoking status during pregnancy, whether this was mother's first baby, maternal age.
  
  Results
  
  Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with cleft palate alone (OR =1.43, 95% CI: 1.11–1.86). There was no significant association between PM2.5 concentration and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. No associations were observed between ozone exposure and the two outcomes of orofacial clefts.
  
  Conclusions
  
  Our study suggests that PM2.5 significantly increased the risk of cleft palate alone, but did not change the incidence of cleft lip with or without palate. Ozone levels did not correlate with incidence of orofacial clefts.
  
  
• Subjects:
  Adolescent Adult Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Female Humans Infant, Newborn Male Maternal Exposure Particulate Matter Regression Analysis Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Young Adult

  More +
• Source:
  Environ Res. 153:35-40.
• Pubmed ID:
  27888746
• Pubmed Central ID:
  PMC5612445
• Document Type:
  Journal Article
• Funding:
  CC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
• Place as Subject:
  Arizona ; Florida ; New York ; Texas
• Volume:
  153
• Collection(s):
  CDC Public Access
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha256:d103eabe3bb5a9776d434042130748109d60291ade2c67751d93171bb6fe00bb
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/48344/cdc_48344_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 333.50 KB ]