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American Red Cross post-Hurricane Mitch community reconstruction water and sanitation baseline survey in Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala
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February 2000
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Description:In October and November of 1998, Hurricane Mitch hit Central America causing regional damage, killing an estimated 10,000 people and leaving approximately one-half million people homeless. Damage to the infrastructure left the population without water and sanitation and other services. The American Red Cross (ARC) provided relief and reconstruction assistance to Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala in response to this natural disaster. In response to a need for improved water and sanitation, the ARC planned interventions in over 100 affected communities. Planned interventions included improvements to water quality and accessibility, accessibility to sanitation facilities, and health education. The ARC requested assistance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to complete a baseline survey of the water and sanitation resources in select study areas post-Hurricane Mitch and prior to the implementation of the ARC community interventions. Follow-up studies are planned in these communities to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions.
This report provides results from the water and sanitation baseline survey conducted in February 2000. Guidelines developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) were primarily used to quantify the status of water, sanitation, and hygiene behavior, primarily handwashing. Water samples were analyzed for microbial indicators of fecal contamination to provide a quantitative baseline for water quality. The Sphere Project standards are also used since this work was done post-Hurricane Mitch. Two study areas were selected in each of the four countries. Programming issues in Study Area 2 in Guatemala (Santa Rosa) resulted in a delay in performance of the baseline survey; therefore, the analyses for this area will be submitted as an addendum in a separate report.
Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000. American Red Cross Post-Hurricane Mitch Community Reconstruction: Water and Sanitation Baseline Survey in Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala. Atlanta: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.
water_sanitation_baseline_survey_feb_2000.pdf
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