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Tuberculosis incidence after 36 months’ isoniazid prophylaxis in HIV-infected adults in Botswana: a posttrial observational analysis
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Jan 28 2015
Source: AIDS. 29(3):351-359 -
Alternative Title:AIDS
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Personal Author:
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Description:Objective
Thirty-six months of isoniazid preventive therapy (36IPT) was superior to 6 months of IPT (6IPT) in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected adults in Botswana. We assessed the posttrial durability of this benefit.
Design
A 36-month double-blind placebo controlled trial (1 : 1 randomization) with recruitment between November 2004 and July 2006 and observation until June 2011.
Methods
One thousand, nine hundred and ninety-five participants were followed in eight public health clinics. Twenty-four percent had a tuberculin skin test ≥5 mm (TST-positive). A minimum CD4+ lymphocyte count was not required for enrolment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was provided in accordance with Botswana guidelines; 72% of participants retained by June 2011 had initiated ART. Multivariable analysis using Cox regression analysis included treatment arm, TST status, ART as a time-dependent variable and CD4+ cell count at baseline and updated at 36 months.
Results
In the posttrial period, 2.13 and 2.14 per 100 person-years accumulated, whereas 0.93 and 1.13% TB incidence rates were observed in the 36IPT and 6IPT arms, respectively (P = 0.52). The crude hazard ratio of TB during the trial and posttrial was 0.57 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.33, 0.99] and 0.82 (95% CI 0.46, 1.49), and when restricted to TST-positive participants was 0.26 (95% CI 0.08, 0.80) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.15, 1.08), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that ART use was associated with reduced death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.17–0.75) but not TB (0.92, 95% CI 0.55–1.53) in the posttrial period.
Conclusion
The benefit of 36IPT for TB prevention declined posttrial in this cohort. Adjunctive measures are warranted to prevent TB among HIV-infected persons receiving long-term ART in TB-endemic settings.
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Pubmed ID:25686683
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Pubmed Central ID:PMC5131631
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