Background

Parasit Vectors

Parasites & Vectors

1756-3305

BioMed Central

London

27770829

5075421

1848

10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z

Research

A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh

Irish

Seth R.

sirish@cdc.gov

1Al-Amin

Hasan Mohammad

alamin@icddrb.org

2Alam

Mohammad Shafiul

shafiul@icddrb.org

2Harbach

Ralph E.

r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk

31Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA 2International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh 3Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK

22102016

2016

559

227201613102016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Background

Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh.

Results

Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis.

Conclusions

While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come.

KeywordsSpecies listMosquitoesBangladeshCulicidae

issue-copyright-statement

Background

Several diseases in Bangladesh are caused by mosquito-borne pathogens. Malaria remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the Chittagong Hill tracts and in the border belt areas [1]. Lymphatic filariasis continues to be a problem, despite multiple rounds of mass drug administration [2]. Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya viruses are also transmitted by mosquitoes in Bangladesh [3]. As knowledge of faunal diversity and vector control is often an important component of disease control, it is important to correctly identify and understand the bionomics of the species involved in transmission.

To this end, previous authors have worked to compile lists of the mosquito species present in Bangladesh, by compiling species records from the country. The mosquitoes of Bangladesh have been recorded in several such lists over the past century. James [4], Covell [5, 6], Christophers [7], Barraud [8] and Puri [9, 10] described the mosquito fauna of British India, from which some records for locations in present-day Bangladesh can be extracted. After the separation of Pakistan and India in 1947, Aslamkhan [11] published checklists for mosquito species, indicating which were found in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Ahmed [12] published an updated checklist in 1987, including many new records. More recently, Bashar et al. [13] published a checklist for the Anopheles mosquitoes of Bangladesh, but no comprehensive list of all species of mosquitoes present in the country has been published for nearly 30 years. Over the decades, deforestation and increased agricultural practices may have altered the diversity and abundance of mosquitoes throughout the country [14–16]. Therefore, the aim of this work was to produce an updated list of all mosquito species reportedly present in Bangladesh, with information on their collection.

Methods

PubMed and the US Armed Forces Pest Management Board Literature Retrieval Service (before it was terminated), were searched using the terms “mosquito” and “Bangladesh.” Articles found were searched for the descriptions of the original collections of mosquitoes identified to species. Articles only citing another article’s collections (second-hand accounts) were not included. The reference list of collected articles was searched for additional articles. National libraries of Bangladesh were also searched for articles. All articles were entered onto a spreadsheet to facilitate calculation of the number of species and the number of records for each species.

Additionally, one of us (HMA) provided records from studies that included the use of light traps (CDC miniature light trap, model 512, John W. Hock Co., Gainesville, Florida, USA), resting collections and BG-Sentinel traps (Biogents AG, Regensberg, Germany) (publications in preparation). The descriptions of the collection sites are provided in the discussion below.

Results

Records were found for 123 species of Culicidae reported from Bangladesh. The records ranged in date from 1908 to 2016. These species are listed below, alphabetically by genus, subgenus, and species. Aedes species follow the classification provided by Wilkerson et al. [17], whereas all other genera follow the classification provided by the Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory [18]. In accordance with Article 51.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the authorship and date of species names enclosed in parentheses indicate that the species was originally described as a member of a genus other than the one in which it is currently placed, e.g. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) was originally described as Culex aegypti Linnaeus, 1762. The numbers following species names refer to articles where the records were published.
Genus Aedeomyia Theobald, 1901
Subgenus Aedeomyia Theobald, 1901
1. Ad. (Ady.) catastica Knab, 1909 [11, 19]
Genus Aedes Meigen, 1818
Subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald, 1903
2. Ae. (Adm.) caecus (Theobald, 1901) [12, 20–22]
3. Ae. (Adm.) pallidostriatus (Theobald, 1907) [12, 20, 21]
4. Ae. (Adm.) punctifemoris (Ludlow, 1921) [12, 20–23]
5. Ae. (Adm.) vexans (Meigen, 1830) [12, 19, 24, 25]
Subgenus Christophersiomyia Barraud, 1923
6. Ae. (Chr.) thomsoni (Theobald, 1905) [21]
Subgenus Collessius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2006
7. Ae. (Col.) pseudotaeniatus (Giles, 1901) [26]
Subgenus Dendroskusea Edwards, 1929
8. Ae. (Dsk.) reginae Edwards, 1922 [26]
Subgenus Downsiomyia Vargas, 1950
9. Ae. (Dow.) albolateralis (Theobald, 1908) [27]
10. Ae. (Dow.) niveus (Ludlow, 1903) [12, 24, 28, 29]
Subgenus Edwardsaedes Belkin, 1962
11. Ae. (Edw.) imprimens (Walker, 1861) [30]
Subgenus Fredwardsius Reinert, 2000
12. Ae. (Fre.) vittatus (Bigot, 1861) [26]
Subgenus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, 1904
13. Ae. (Hul.) chrysolineatus (Theobald, 1907) [12, 20, 28, 31]
Subgenus Kenknightia Reinert, 1990
14. Ae. (Ken.) dissimilis (Leicester, 1908) [12, 28, 32]
Subgenus Mucidus Theobald, 1901
15. Ae. (Muc.) scatophagoides (Theobald, 1901) [12, 20, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 34]
Subgenus Neomelaniconion Newstead, 1907
16. Ae. (Neo.) lineatopennis (Ludlow, 1905) [12, 19–21, 24, 31, 35–37]
Subgenus Petermattinglyius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2009
17. Ae. (Pet.) iyengari Edwards, 1923 [26]
Subgenus Phagomyia Theobald, 1905
18. Ae. (Phg.) assamensis (Theobald, 1908) [11, 12, 21, 24, 27–29, 38, 39]
19. Ae. (Phg.) khazani Edwards, 1922 [8, 12, 24, 26, 28, 29]
20. Ae. (Phg.) lophoventralis (Theobald, 1910) [11, 12, 28, 29, 36, 37]
Subgenus Stegomyia Theobald, 1901
21. Ae. (Stg.) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) [12, 25, 26, 28, 34, 36, 37, 40–54]
22. Ae. (Stg.) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) [12, 19–21, 24–28, 31, 36, 37, 40, 42, 44–46, 49, 50, 52–58]
23. Ae. (Stg.) annandalei (Theobald, 1910) [11, 12, 20, 26, 28]
24. Ae. (Stg.) desmotes (Giles, 1904) [59]
25. Ae. (Stg.) gardnerii imitator (Leicester, 1908) [60]
26. Ae. (Stg.) w-albus (Theobald, 1905) [12, 28]
Genus Anopheles Meigen, 1818
Subgenus Anopheles Meigen, 1818
27. An. (Ano.) aitkenii James, 1903 [12, 13, 21, 61–64]
28. An. (Ano.) baileyi Edwards, 1929 [7, 9, 63]
29. An. (Ano.) barbirostris van der Wulp, 1884 (s.l.) [5, 6, 9, 10, 12–16, 19–21, 24, 31, 34–37, 40, 47, 51, 61–82]
30. An. (Ano.) barbumbrosus Strickland & Chowdhury, 1927 [83]
31. An. (Ano.) bengalensis Puri, 1930 [12, 34]
32. An. (Ano.) gigas Giles, 1901 [6, 34, 63, 84]
33. An. (Ano.) nigerrimus Giles, 1900 [5, 6, 12–15, 19–21, 26, 34–37, 40, 47, 48, 61–64, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 82, 85]
34. An. (Ano.) peditaeniatus (Leicester, 1908) [12, 13, 15, 19, 20, 24, 31, 34, 41, 42, 47, 61–64, 66, 67, 71, 86]
35. An. (Ano.) umbrosus (Theobald, 1903) [5, 6, 13–15, 35, 61–64, 68]
Subgenus Cellia Theobald, 1902
36. An. (Cel.) aconitus Dönitz, 1902 [6, 9, 10, 12–16, 20, 21, 24, 31, 34, 36, 37, 48, 51, 63, 68, 70, 72, 73, 75–78, 80–82, 87, 88]
37. An. (Cel.) annularis van der Wulp, 1884 (s.l.) [5, 6, 10, 12–16, 19–21, 24, 25, 31, 34–37, 40–42, 45, 51, 61–65, 67–73, 75–78, 80–82, 86, 88]
38. An. (Cel.) baimaii Sallum & Peyton, 2005 [12–15, 21, 24, 61–64, 81–83, 87, 89–94]
39. An. (Cel.) culicifacies Giles, 1901 (s.l.) [5, 6, 10, 12–14, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, 31, 34, 36, 37, 45, 63, 70, 72, 73, 87]
40. An. (Cel.) fluviatilis James, 1902 (s.l.) [5, 6, 12, 13, 24, 34, 48, 61–63, 87]
41. An. (Cel.) jamesii Theobald, 1901 [5, 6, 10, 12–16, 20, 24, 31, 34, 36, 37, 47, 48, 61–64, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 78, 81, 82]
42. An. (Cel.) jeyporiensis James, 1902 [5, 6, 10, 12–15, 20, 21, 24, 31, 61–64, 68, 70, 73, 78, 81, 82, 87]
43. An. (Cel.) karwari (James, 1903) [6, 9, 12–15, 20, 24, 35, 61–64, 68, 81, 82]
44. An. (Cel.) kochi Dönitz, 1901 [4–6, 10, 12–15, 24, 34, 35, 61–64, 68, 70, 71, 73, 81–83, 85, 87]
45. An. (Cel.) maculatus Theobald, 1901 [12–15, 24, 34, 61–64, 68, 81]
46. An. (Cel.) majidi Young & Majid, 1928 [12, 13, 24, 63]
47. An. (Cel.) minimus Theobald, 1901 (s.l.) [6, 12–15, 24, 61–64, 68, 70, 77, 78, 80, 82, 87, 95, 96]
48. An. (Cel.) nivipes (Theobald, 1903) [13–15, 62, 64]
49. An. (Cel.) pallidus Theobald, 1901 [6, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 24, 34, 61–64, 70, 72, 73, 77, 80]
50. An. (Cel.) philippinensis Ludlow, 1902 [5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24, 31, 34, 35, 61–64, 68, 70–73, 77, 78, 80–82, 87, 93, 95, 97, 98]
51 An. (Cel.) pseudojamesi Strickland & Chowdhury, 1927 [6, 10, 12, 13, 16, 35–37, 62–64, 70–73, 77, 78]
52. An. (Cel.) pseudowillmori (Theobald, 1910) [Al-Amin, in preparation]
53. An. (Cel.) splendidus Koidzumi, 1920 [6, 12, 13, 62, 63, 99]
54. An. (Cel.) stephensi Liston, 1901 [47, 100]
55. An. (Cel.) subpictus Grassi, 1899 (s.l.) [5, 6, 10, 12–16, 19–21, 24, 27, 31, 34–37, 40–42, 47, 48, 51, 61–72, 77–79, 81, 82, 87, 101]
56. An. (Cel.) sundaicus (Rodenwaldt, 1925) (s.l.) [6, 10, 12, 13, 16, 48, 63, 72, 73, 77, 79, 95]
57. An. (Cel.) tessellatus Theobald, 1901 [5, 6, 10, 12–16, 19, 20, 24, 34, 36, 37, 61–64, 68, 70, 72, 73, 81, 83]
58. An. (Cel.) theobaldi Giles, 1901 [5, 6]
59. An. (Cel.) turkhudi Liston, 1901 [14, 48]
60. An. (Cel.) vagus Dönitz, 1902 [6, 9, 10, 12–16, 19–21, 24–26, 31, 34–37, 40–42, 47, 48, 51, 61–72, 75–78, 80, 82, 86–88]
61. An. (Cel.) varuna Iyengar, 1924 [6, 10, 12–16, 19, 20, 24, 34, 48, 61–63, 68, 70, 72, 73, 77, 82, 87]
62. An. (Cel.) willmori (James, 1903) [6, 12–15, 24, 62–64, 68]
Genus Armigeres Theobald, 1901
Subgenus Armigeres Theobald, 1901
63. Ar. (Arm.) kesseli Ramalingam, 1987 [19]
64. Ar. (Arm.) kuchingensis Edwards, 1915 [12, 19, 20, 24, 28, 35–37, 41, 42, 47, 48]
65. Ar. (Arm.) malayi (Theobald, 1901) [Al-Amin, in preparation]
66. Ar. (Arm.) subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898) [12, 19–21, 24–28, 34, 36, 37, 40–42, 44, 45, 50, 51, 55, 65, 66, 86, 102]
67. Ar. (Arm.) theobaldi Barraud, 1934 [103]
Subgenus Leicesteria Theobald, 1904
68. Ar. (Lei.) annulitarsis (Leicester, 1908) [12]
69. Ar. (Lei.) dentatus Barraud, 1927 [12]
70. Ar. (Lei.) digitatus (Edwards, 1914) [12, 24, 31]
71. Ar. (Lei.) flavus (Leicester, 1908) [11, 12, 24, 34, 102]
72 Ar. (Lei.) inchoatus Barraud, 1927 [12]
73. Ar. (Lei.) magnus (Theobald, 1908) [11, 12, 20, 21, 24, 27, 102]
74. Ar. (Lei.) omissus (Edwards, 1914) [12]
Genus Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905
Subgenus Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905
75. Cq. (Coq.) crassipes (van der Wulp, 1881) [12, 19, 20, 24, 27, 31, 48, 104]
76. Cq. (Coq.) ochracea (Theobald, 1903) [12, 104]
Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Culex Linnaeus, 1758
77. Cx. (Cux.) annulus Theobald, 1901 [35, 47, 48]
78. Cx. (Cux.) fuscocephala Theobald, 1907 [12, 19–21, 24–26, 31, 35–37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 65–67, 86, 105–108]
79. Cx. (Cux.) gelidus Theobald, 1901 [12, 19–21, 24, 25, 27, 31, 34–37, 40–42, 50, 51, 55, 65–67, 86, 106, 109]
80. Cx. (Cux.) hutchinsoni Barraud, 1924 [12, 19, 34, 35, 47, 48, 50]
81. Cx. (Cux.) mimulus Edwards, 1915 [12, 35, 66, 108, 109]
82. Cx. (Cux.) pseudovishnui Colless, 1957 [12, 19, 20, 34, 108]
83. Cx. (Cux.) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 [12, 19–21, 24–28, 31, 34–37, 40–42, 44–48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 65–67, 108, 110–114]
84. Cx. (Cux.) sitiens Wiedemann, 1828 [27, 34, 47]
85. Cx. (Cux.) theileri Theobald, 1903 [21]
86. Cx. (Cux.) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 [12, 19–21, 24, 25, 31, 34–37, 40–42, 45, 50, 51, 55, 65–67, 86, 108, 109, 115]
87. Cx. (Cux.) vagans Wiedemann, 1828 [21]
88. Cx. (Cux.) vishnui Theobald, 1901 [12, 19, 20, 24–27, 31, 34, 35, 41, 42, 50, 65, 67, 83, 86, 108, 109]
89. Cx. (Cux.) whitei Barraud, 1923 [36, 37, 108]
90. Cx. (Cux.) whitmorei (Giles, 1904) [12, 19–21, 24, 31, 34–37, 86, 108]
Subgenus Culiciomyia Theobald, 1907
91. Cx. (Cui.) fragilis Ludlow, 1903
92. Cx. (Cui.) nigropunctatus Edwards, 1926 [8, 12]
93. Cx. (Cui.) pallidothorax Theobald, 1905 [12, 24, 26, 116]
94. Cx. (Cui.) pullus Theobald, 1905 [116]
Subgenus Eumelanomyia Theobald, 1909
95. Cx. (Eum.) brevipalpis (Giles, 1902) [12, 24, 26, 28, 117]
96. Cx. (Eum.) malayi (Leicester, 1908) [12, 24]
Subgenus Lophoceraomyia Theobald, 1905
97. Cx. (Lop.) minutissimus (Theobald, 1907) [12]
Subgenus Oculeomyia Theobald, 1907
98. Cx. (Ocu.) bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 [12, 19–21, 24, 27, 31, 34–37, 41, 42, 51, 55, 65–67, 86, 108, 109]
99. Cx. (Ocu.) epidesmus (Theobald, 1910) [12, 19–21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 47, 48, 108]
100. Cx. (Ocu.) infula Theobald, 1901 [19, 27, 108, 118]
101. Cx. (Ocu.) sinensis Theobald, 1903 [12, 19–21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 66, 86]
Genus Ficalbia Theobald, 1903
102. Fi. minima (Theobald, 1901) [8, 12, 27, 33, 34, 36, 37, 119]
Genus Heizmannia Ludlow, 1905
Subgenus Heizmannia Ludlow, 1905
103. Hz. (Hez.) covelli Barraud, 1929 [26]
Genus Lutzia Theobald, 1903
Subgenus Metalutzia Tanaka, 2003
104. Lt. (Mlt.) fuscana (Wiedemann, 1820) [12, 19, 20, 24, 28, 31, 34, 36, 37, 41, 42, 120]
105. Lt. (Mlt.) halifaxii (Theobald, 1903) [12, 34, 83]
Genus Malaya Leicester, 1908
106. Ml. genurostris Leicester, 1908 [8, 12, 20, 24, 28, 121]
107. Ml. jacobsoni (Edwards, 1930) [8]
Genus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901
Subgenus Mansonioides Theobald, 1907
108. Ma. (Mnd.) annulata Leicester, 1908 [19]
109. Ma. (Mnd.) annulifera (Theobald, 1901) [11, 12, 19–21, 24, 25, 27, 31, 34–37, 41, 42, 45, 50, 65, 67, 104]
110. Ma. (Mnd.) dives (Schiner, 1868) [12, 104]
111. Ma. (Mnd.) indiana Edwards, 1930 [12, 19–21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 50, 65]
112. Ma. (Mnd.) uniformis (Theobald, 1901) [12, 19–21, 24, 25, 27, 31, 34–37, 41, 42, 45, 50, 55, 65, 67, 104]
Genus Mimomyia Theobald, 1903
Subgenus Etorleptiomyia Theobald, 1904
113. Mi. (Eto.) luzonensis (Ludlow, 1905) [Al-Amin, in preparation]
Subgenus Mimomyia Theobald, 1903
114. Mi. (Mim.) chamberlaini Ludlow, 1904 [12, 33, 40, 122]
115. Mi. (Mim.) hybrida (Leicester, 1908) [8, 119]
Genus Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904
116. Or. anopheloides (Giles, 1903) [26, 123, 124]
Genus Toxorhynchites Theobald, 1901
Subgenus Toxorhynchites Theobald, 1901
117. Tx. (Tox.) bengalensis Rosenberg & Evenhuis, 1985 [125]
118. Tx. (Tox.) splendens (Wiedemann, 1819) [12, 26, 28, 36, 45, 126, 127]
Genus Tripteroides Giles, 1904
Subgenus Rachionotomyia Theobald, 1905
119. Tp. (Rah.) aranoides (Theobald, 1901) [12, 21, 24, 28, 47]
Genus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891
Subgenus Pseudoficalbia Theobald, 1912
120. Ur. (Pfc.) novobscura Barraud, 1934 [12]
Subgenus Uranotaenia Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891
121. Ur. (Ura.) campestris Leicester, 1908 [12, 20]
122. Ur. (Ura.) rampae Peyton & Klein, 1970 [19]
Genus Verrallina Theobald, 1903
Subgenus Neomacleaya Theobald, 1907
123. Ve. (Nma.) andamanensis (Edwards, 1922) [8, 27, 128]

Discussion

A need for improved knowledge of the mosquito species present in Bangladesh has led to the updated list presented here. In some cases previously known species have been found to be species complexes, while in other cases the names of species have been changed or subspecies elevated to species status. In several cases, new collections have resulted in species representing new country records being added to the list.

Among the listed mosquitoes, Anopheles species complexes that are worthy of note here include the Subpictus, Culicifacies, Sundaicus, Annularis, Barbirostris, Fluviatilis, Maculatus, Minimus, and Dirus Complexes. The Subpictus Complex includes four sibling species (informally designated species A, B, C, and D), which are distinguishable based on morphological, chromosomal, and molecular differences [129, 130]. As of yet, no determination has been made of which species of the Subpictus Complex are present in Bangladesh. Anopheles culicifacies is an important malaria vector in the Indian Sub-continent, but its importance in Bangladesh appears to be limited. The Culicifacies Complex is comprised of species A, B, C, D, and E [131]. Little is known of the species present in Bangladesh, particularly as very few specimens have been found in the past 20 years [22, 63], but recently species B, C, and E were found in Kuhalong, near Bandarban town [14]. The Sundaicus Complex comprises four coastal species: An. sundaicus, An. epiroticus, An. sundaicus D, and An. sundaicus E [132]. While it would appear that An. epiroticus is most likely the species present in coastal areas of Bangladesh, due to the limited geographic provenance of the other species, this awaits confirmation using molecular methods [132]. Anopheles annularis is a complex of two species, A and B [133], which can be distinguished using chromosomal or molecular methods [134]. The Fluviatilis Complex is composed of four sibling species, S, T, U, and V [135], but it is not known which species are present in Bangladesh. The Maculatus Complex (a.k.a. Maculatus Group) consists of nine species, but Anopheles maculatus is comprised of chromosomal forms B and E [136, 137]. Rongnoparut et al. [138] stated that chromosomal form B is found north of 13°N, but further work on the group is necessary to know which members are present in Bangladesh. The Barbirostris Complex is composed of seven formally named species, but it seems more species will be added [139, 140]. Only An. barbirostris (s.l.) has been reported from Bangladesh, but it is clear that more work is needed to know which species of the complex are present in the country. The Minimus Complex includes three species: An. harrisoni, An. minimus and An. yaeyamaensis (known only from Japan). Anopheles minimus (s.l.) has been found in Bangladesh [14], but further work is needed to know if An. harrisoni (previously known as species C) is present in the country [141]. Finally, the Dirus Complex comprises seven species, of which it appears An. baimaii is the species present in Bangladesh [14, 92, 142].

Some of the species included in the most recent previous list published by Ahmed [12] have undergone taxonomic changes. Anopheles gigas var. baileyi was elevated to species status by Harrison et al. [143] and is now known as Anopheles baileyi. Similarly, Anopheles maculatus var. willmori (as willmorei) was restored to species status by Rattanarithikul & Green [144] and is now known as An. willmori. Anopheles pseudojamesi is the current name (senior synonym) of the formerly accepted An. ramsayi [79]. Culex afridi was synonymized with Cx. infula [109]. Culex quinquefasciatus was listed as “Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus” in the list provided by Ahmed, but Cx. quinquefasciatus is now accepted as a distinct species [145, 146]. The species formerly known as Cx. fuscanus and Cx. halifaxii are now included in the genus Lutzia as Lt. fuscana and Lt. halifaxii, respectively [147].

There are a number of species that have only been reported in Bangladesh since the list of Ahmed [12]. Larvae of Ae. gardnerii imitator were collected from a tree hole in a botanical garden in Dhaka during 2004 [60]. Adults of Ar. kesseli were taken in resting collections and light traps in Rajshahi Division [19], and adults of Ar. theobaldi were collected in a forested area in Habiganj district (Sylhet Division) [103]. Culex annulus has been collected in Habiganj and Moulavibazar districts in Sylhet Division, as well as on St. Martin’s Island, and in the Sundarbans [35, 47, 48]. Two adults of Ma. annulata and three of Ur. rampae were collected in light traps in Rajshahi Division [19]. Culex fragilis was collected in resting catches in Patrokhola tea garden, Moulavibazar (Sylhet Division) [35]. Additionally, one of us (HMA) recently identified three species new to Bangladesh, which will be reported in publications currently in preparation. Anopheles pseudowillmori were collected in light traps placed in a room with sleeping people (18:00 to 06:00). Nine specimens were collected in Kuhalong and Rajbila unions of Bandarban district between 2009 and 2012. Three Ar. malayi females were collected in BG-Sentinel traps that were placed indoors in Rajshahi and Chapai Nawabganj districts between November 2014 and September 2015. Mimomyia luzonensis was collected using the same method in Dhaka and Chapai Nawabganj districts, and four specimens were collected between September 2014 and September 2015.

Two species listed in Ahmed [12] are excluded from the list. Ahmed [12] listed Ae. pipersalatus with reference to Barraud [30]. In the older reference, a record is provided for Madhupur in Bengal, attributed to Charles Paiva, an entomologist educated in Calcutta, who then took up a position at the Indian Museum in Calcutta where he worked until his death in 1919 [148]. There is a sub-district called Madhupur near Dhaka in Bangladesh, however, there is also a Madhupur in West Bengal in India. As we could not find any further evidence to which Madhupur was intended, and as no further records of Ae. pipersalatus in Bangladesh were found, we have removed this species from the list of species known to occur in the country. We have also removed the separate listing of An. gigas subspecies simlensis [149], which has been reported only once, from Rangpur [6], as it is represented by An. gigas in the species list.

Armigeres obturbans has been listed in several records, but it appears that this species was regularly confused with the common Ar. subalbatus. Furthermore, Thurman [150] noted that the distribution of Ar. obturbans is limited to Sulawesi, so it seems likely that the records for Ar. obturbans in Bangladesh refer to Ar. subalbatus. We have therefore removed Ar. obturbans from the species list for Bangladesh.

The inclusion of certain species in previous lists was the result of single records. This was the case for Ae. thomsoni, Ae. pseudotaeniatus, Ae. reginae, Ae. albolateralis, Ae. imprimens, Ae. vittatus, Ae. iyengari, Ae. desmotes, Ae. gardnerii imitator, An. barbumbrosus, Ar. kesseli, Ar. theobaldi, Ar. annulitarsis, Ar. dentatus, Ar. inchoatus, Ar. omissus, Cx. fragilis, Cx. theileri, Cx. vagans, Cx. pullus, Cx. minutissimus, Hz. covelli, Ml. jacobsoni, Ma. annulata, Tx. bengalensis, Ur. novobscura, and Ur. rampae. While several of these species represent recent records for Bangladesh, others, such as Ae. pseudotaeniatus, Ae. reginae, Ae. albolateralis, Ae. imprimens, Ae. vittatus, Ae. iyengari, Cx. pullus, Hz. covelli, and Ml. jacobsoni, have not been found in Bangladesh in the past 50 years. Further collections, particularly of culicines, would be helpful in improving our knowledge of the species that are present in the country.

Conclusions

The list provided here is the most complete list compiled since the work of Ahmed [12], nearly 30 years ago. The up-dated list will serve as a basis for the development of identification keys and will hopefully spur on research on the bionomics of these species. These tools will be important for the reduction of diseases in Bangladesh caused by mosquito-borne pathogens.

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) is grateful to the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. The publishing costs for this manuscript were paid by the President’s Malaria Initiative (USAID/CDC).

Availability of data and material

Not applicable.

Authors’ contributions

SRI conceived the study; SRI and HMA drafted the manuscript; MSA and REH critically revised the manuscript for intellectual and taxonomic content. SRI is the guarantor of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

References1.

Haque

Overgaard

Clements

Norris

Islam

Karim

Malaria burden and control in Bangladesh and prospects for elimination: an epidemiological and economic assessment

Lancet Glob Health20142e98105

10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70176-1

25104666

Hafiz

Graves

Haq

Flora

Kelly-Hope

Clinical case estimates of lymphatic filariasis in an endemic district of Bangladesh after a decade of mass drug administration

T Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg2015109700709

10.1093/trstmh/trv084

WHO

Bibliography of scientific publications on vector-borne diseases from WHO south-east Asia region 2009–20132014

New Delhi

World Health Organization

James

Notes on mosquitoes

Paludism (Simla)191013338

Covell

The distribution of anopheline mosquitoes of India and Ceylon

Ind Med Res Mem19275185

Covell

The distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in India and Ceylon. Additional records, 1926–1930

Rec Mal Surv Ind19312225268

Christophers

The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera Vol. 4, Family Culicidae. Tribe Anophelini1933

London

Taylor & Francis

Barraud PJ. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Diptera Vol. 5, family Culicidae. Tribes megarhinini and culicini. London: Taylor and Francis; 1934.

Puri

The distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in India: additional records, 1931–1935

Rec Mal Surv Ind19366177211

10.

Puri

The distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma. Part V: additional records 1936–1947

Ind J Malariol1948267107

11.

Aslamkhan

The mosquitoes of Pakistan

I A Checklist Mosq News19713147159

12.

Ahmed

Checklist of the mosquitoes of Bangladesh

Mosq Syst198719187200

13.

Bashar

Mahmud

Reza

Goda

Rain

Jesmin

Revised checklist and distribution maps of Anopheles (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) mosquitoes of Bangladesh

Check List20139211224

10.15560/9.2.211

14.

Alam

Chakma

Khan

Glass

Mohon

Elahi

Diversity of anopheline species and their Plasmodium infection status in rural Bandarban, Bangladesh

Parasit Vectors20125150

10.1186/1756-3305-5-150

22839212

15.

Al-Amin

Elahi

Mohon

Kafi

Chakma

Lord

Role of underappreciated vectors in malaria transmission in an endemic region of Bangladesh-India border

Parasit Vectors20158195

10.1186/s13071-015-0803-8

25889228

16.

Elias

Bar

Farooque

MMSA

A note on entomological studies in malarious areas of southwestern districts of Bangladesh

J Prevent Soc Med198215964

17.

Wilkerson

Linton

Fonseca

Schultz

Price

Strickman

Making mosquito taxonomy useful: a stable classification of tribe aedini that balances utility with current knowledge of evolutionary relationships

PLoS One201510e0133602

10.1371/journal.pone.0133602

26226613

18.

Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory [http://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/]. Accessed 15 Aug 2016.

19.

Lord JS, Al-Amin HM, Chakma S, Alam MS, Gurley ES, Pulliam JR. Sampling design influences the observed dominance of Culex tritaeniorhynchus: considerations for future studies of Japanese encephalitis virus transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004249.

20.

Ahmed

Jannat

Akhter

Ahmed

Dewan

Khoda

Studies on mosquitoes of Thakurgaon district, Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Entomol2004144762

21.

Aslamkhan

Wolfe

Bancroftian filariasis in two villages in Dinajpur District, East Pakistan. II. Entomological investigations

Am J Trop Med Hyg1972213037

4399842

22.

Reinert

Contributions to the mosquito fauna of southeast Asia XVI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Aedimorphus Theobald in southeast Asia

Contrib Am Entomol Inst197391218

23.

Aslamkhan

A redescription of Aedes (Aedimorphus) punctifemoris (Ludlow) from Pakistan

Biologia19711765

24.

Ahmed

Joshi

Ahmed

Akhter

Hakim

Bhuiyan

MRK

Observation on the abundance of mosquitoes in a teagarden area of Bangladesh

J Zool19916119134

25.

Bashar

Status and distribution of vectors mosquito fauna in Jahangirnagar University (JU) campus

Bangladesh J Life Sci2006183544

26.

Nasiruddin

Mosquitoes breeding in tree-holes and bamboo stumps in Dacca (East Pakistan)

Pak J Health19522110112

27.

Theobald

First report on the collection of Culicidae and Corethridae in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, with descriptions of new genera and species

Rec Indian Mus19082287302

28.

Ahmed

Joshi

Ahmed

Dewan

Chowdhury

Akhter

Container habitat mosquitoes of Bangladesh

J Zool19905716

29.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part VI. Some Indian species of the genus Finlaya Theo. Adult stage

Indian J Med Res192311480489

30.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XXIII. The genus Aedes (sens. lat) and the classification of the subgenera. Descriptions of the Indian species of Aedes (Aedimorphus), Aedes (Ochlerotatus) and Aedes (Banksinella) with notes on Aedes (Stegomyia) variegatus

Indian J Med Res192815663664

31.

Ahmed

Joshi

Ahmed

Begum

Akhter

Khoda

Study on seasonal density of common mosquitoes in jungle area of Modhupur, Tangail

J Zool19894114

32.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part VIII. Further descriptions of Indian species of Finlaya Theo

Indian J Med Res192411845865

33.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XXV. The genera Mucidus, Mimomyia, Ficalbia, Rachionotomyia and Hodgesia

Indian J Med Res19291610541058

34.

Renshaw

Elias

Maheswary

Hassan

Silver

Birley

A survey of larval and adult mosquitoes on the flood plains of Bangladesh, in relation to flood-control activities

Ann Trop Med Parasit199690621634

9039274

35.

Ahmed

Nur

Naved

Mosquito populations, including new record, in the tea gardens of Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Entomol2009194560

36.

Ameen

A systematic account of the insect fauna of Dacca City and its suburbs. 3. Culicidae

J Asiatic Soc Bangladesh197116221225

37.

Ameen

Moizuddin

Bionomics of the common mosquitoes of Dacca

J Nat Hist19737121

10.1080/00222937300770011

38.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part IV. The larvae of some Indian species of Finlaya Theo

Indian J Med Res192311222223

39.

Barraud

Some new culicine mosquitoes found in India, and a note on Finlaya assamensis (Theo.)

Bull Entomol Res192313405408

10.1017/S0007485300045508

40.

Ameen

Huq

A systematic account of the insect fauna of Dacca City and its suburbs. 2. Diptera

J Asiatic Soc Pakistan197015217221

41.

Ameen

Hossain

Khan

MDH

Resting behavior, biting activity pattern and host preference of common mosquitoes of Dhaka City

Bangladesh J Zool1982103548

42.

Ameen

Hossain

Khan

MDH

Seasonal prevalence of the common mosquitoes of Dhaka city

Dhaka Univ Stud B1984227989

43.

Ameen

Moizuddin

Duration of the various developmental stages of Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Dacca City

Dacca Univ Stud B1973211525

44.

Bashar

Shamsuzzaman

Chowdhury

MAK

Container breeding mosquitoes in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Life Sci2006186978

45.

Bashar

Rain

Asaduzzaman

Surveillance of mosquitoes in some selected parks and gardens of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Int J Mosq Res2014159

46.

Hossain

Chowdhury

MAK

Nahar

Samajpati

Prevalence of dengue vectors in some rural areas of Narsingdi district, Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Zool2002308186

47.

Jannat

Mosquitoes bordering some parts of Sundarban forest, Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Entomol2010201121

48.

Jannat

KNE

Ahmed

The mosquito fauna, including new records of St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Entomol2006166781

49.

Khan

Studies on the breeding habitats and seasonal prevalence of larval population of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Dacca city

Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull198064552

50.

Khan

Islam

Akter

Karim

Farid

Diversity of mosquitoes and their seasonal fluctuation in two wards of Dhaka city

Dhaka Univ J Biol Sci2014231726

10.3329/dujbs.v23i1.19822

51.

Self

Assignment report on mosquito control schemes in the large cities of Bangladesh. WHO project: SEARO 0007. 1–30 November 19731974

52.

Dhar-Chowdhury

Haque

Lindsay

Hossain

Socioeconomic and ecological factors influencing Aedes aegypti prevalence, abundance, and distribution in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Am J Trop Med Hyg20169412231233

10.4269/ajtmh.15-0639

27022149

53.

Ali

Wagatsuma

Emch

Breiman

Use of a geographic information system for defining spatial risk for dengue transmission in Bangladesh: role for Aedes albopictus in an urban outbreak

Am J Trop Med Hyg200369634640

14740881

54.

Ferdousi

Yoshimatsu

Sohel

Wagatsuma

Identification of essential containers for Aedes larval breeding to control dengue in Dhaka

Bangladesh Trop Med Health201543253264

10.2149/tmh.2015-16

26865829

55.

Aziz

Gorham

Gregg

“Dacca Fever” - An outbreak of dengue

Pak J Med Res196768392

56.

Barraud

Notes on some Indian mosquitoes of the subgenus Stegomyia with descriptions of new species

Indian J Med Res193119221227

57.

Khatun

Chakraborty

Rahman

Nasreen Banu

Rahman

Hasan

An outbreak of Chikungunya in rural Bangladesh, 2011

PLoS Negl Trop Dis20159e0003907

10.1371/journal.pntd.0003907

26161995

58.

Chowdhury R, Chowdhury V, Faria S, Huda MM, Laila R, Dhar I, et al. How dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) survive during the dry season in Dhaka City, Bangladesh? J Vector Borne Dis. 2014;51:179–87.

59.

Ahmed

Aedes (Stg.) desmotes

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

250251

60.

Ahmed

Aedes (Stg.) gardnerii imitator

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

251252

61.

Bashar

Tuno

Ahmed

Howlader

Blood-feeding patterns of Anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area of Bangladesh

Parasit Vectors2012539

10.1186/1756-3305-5-39

22336191

62.

Bashar

Tuno

Ahmed

Howlader

False positivity of circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-ELISA in zoophilic anophelines in Bangladesh

Acta Trop2013125220225

10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.10.004

23085098

63.

Chowdhury

Ahmed

Shah

Chowdhury

Ferdous

Khan

Distribution and relative prevalence of anophelines in malaria endemic districts of Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Entomol20112189100

64.

Bashar

Tuno

Seasonal abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes and their association with meteorological factors and malaria incidence in Bangladesh

Parasit Vectors20147442

10.1186/1756-3305-7-442

25233890

65.

Ahmed

Begum

Khoda

Seasonal prevalence and filarial infection of Culex quinquefasciatus in Dhaka

J Zool19883916

66.

Ahmed

Islam

Rahman

Lisa

Naved

Observation of mosquito population in dean stone tea estate, srimangal

Bangladesh J Med Sci200173037

67.

Ahmed

Maheswary

Khan

Filariasis in mirpur area of Dhaka city

Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull1986128394

68.

Alam

Khan

Chaudhury

Deloer

Nazib

Bangali

Prevalence of anopheline species and their Plasmodium infection status in epidemic-prone border areas of Bangladesh

Malaria J2010915

10.1186/1475-2875-9-15

69.

Ameen

Talukdar

MZI

Pupal chaetotaxy of common mosquitoes of Dacca

Beitr Entomol1974248795

70.

Gramiccia

Final comprehensive report, Pakistan, E. Bengal malaria control demonstration team, Mymensingh district

Pak J Health195226188

71.

Elias

Rahman

Mobarak Ali

Begum

Chowdhury

The ecology of malaria carrying mosquito Anopheles philippinensis Ludlow and its relation to malaria in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull1987131528

72.

Iyengar

MOT

A years’ work on dissection of Anopheles for natural malaria infection

J Malar Inst India19392105109

73.

Iyengar

MOT

Further observations on vectors of malaria in Bengal and notes of the seasonal infectivity of Anopheles

J Malar Inst India194031

74.

Jannat

KNE

Ahmed

Anopheles (An.) barbirostris

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

255256

75.

Maheswary

Majumdar

Chowdhury

Faruque

Montanari

Incrimination of Anopheles vagus Donitz, 1902 as an epidemic malaria vector in Bangladesh

Ind J Malariol1994313538

76.

Maheswary

Habib

Elias

Incrimination of Anopheles aconitus Donitz as a vector of epidemic malaria in Bangladesh

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health199223798801

1298093

77.

Nasiruddin

A note on the natural infectivity of mosquitoes in East Pakistan

Pak J Health19522113115

78.

Nasiruddin

A year’s work of the national malaria control teams in east Pakistan (1950)

Pak J Health195212141

79.

Nurul Huda

On a collection of mosquitoes from the St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh

Chittagong Univ Stud198264750

80.

Quraishi

Ahmed

Gramiccia

Pre-monsoon malaria transmission in the district of Mymensingh, East Pakistan

Bull World Health Organ19513673682

14821774

81.

Rosenberg

Maheswary

Forest malaria in Bangladesh. II. Transmission by Anopheles dirus

Am J Trop Med Hyg198231183191

7072883

82.

Macan

Malaria survey of the Arakan region of Bengal and Burma

Parasitology195040290297

10.1017/S0031182000018151

14785970

83.

Rosenberg

Forest malaria in Bangladesh. III. Breeding habits of Anopheles dirus

Am J Trop Med Hyg198231192201

7072884

84.

Jannat

KNE

Ahmed

Anopheles (An.) gigas

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

257258

85.

James

Liston

A monograph of the anopheline mosquitoes of India1911

Calcutta

Thacker, Spink & Co.

86.

Khan

Dobrzynski

Joshi

Myat

A Japanese encephalitis focus in Bangladesh

J Trop Med Hyg1981844144

6259374

87.

Khan

Talibi

Epidemiological assessment of malaria transmission in an endemic area of East Pakistan and the significance of congenital immunity

Bull World Health Organ197246783792

4538539

88.

Maheswary NP, Khan Z, Molla FR, Haq MI. Incrimination of Anopheles annularis van der Wulp, 1854 as an epidemic malaria vector in Bangladesh. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993;24:776–8.

89.

Elias

Rahman

DDT-susceptibility status of malaria vector Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis Baisas (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull1981716

90.

Rahman M, Elias M, Ameen M. Bionomics of Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis Baisas (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bangladesh and its relation to malaria. Bangladesh J Zool. 1977;5:1–23.

91.

Sarma

Prakash

O’Loughlin

Bhattacharyya

Mohapatra

Bhattacharjee

Genetic population structure of the malaria vector Anopheles baimaii in north-east India using mitochondrial DNA

Malaria J20121176

10.1186/1475-2875-11-76

92.

Walton

Handley

Tun-Lin†

Collins

Harbach

Baimai

Population structure and population history of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in Southeast Asia

Mol Biol Evol200017962974

10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026377

10833203

93.

Elias

Maheswary

Islam

Rahman

Susceptibility of the malaria vectors to insecticides in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Med Res Council Bull19982415

94.

Sallum

Peyton

Wilkerson

Six new species of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group, reinterpretation of An. elegans and vector implications

Med Vet Entomol200519158199

10.1111/j.0269-283X.2005.00551.x

15958025

95.

Hussain

MZY

The vectors of malaria and malaria transmission in Pakistan

Pak J Health195116971

96.

Tangin

Komichi

Wagatsuma

Rashidul

Wataya

Kim

Detection of malaria parasites in mosquitoes from the malaria-endemic area of Chakaria, Bangladesh

Biol Pharm Bull200831703708

10.1248/bpb.31.703

18379066

97.

Elias

Susceptibility of malaria vector Anopheles philippinensis Ludlow (Diptera: Culicidae) to insecticides in Bangladesh

Bangladesh J Zool19786153155

98.

Sur

Anopheles philippinensis as a natural carrier of the malaria parasites in Bengal

Indian J Med Res1928164547

99.

Jannat

KNE

Ahmed

Anopheles (Cel.) splendidus

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

274275

100.

Jannat

KNE

Ahmed

Anopheles (Cel.) stephensi

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

275276

101.

Jannat

KNE

Ahmed

Anopheles (Cel.) subpictus

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

276

102.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XX. The Indian species of Armigeres (including Leicesteria) with descriptions of two new species

Indian J Med Res192714537543

103.

Ahmed

Armigeres (Arm.) theobaldi

Encyclopedia of flora and fauna of Bangladesh vol. 212009

Dhaka

Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

284285

104.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XXII. The Indian species of the genus Taeniorhynchus (including Mansonioides), with a description of one new species

Indian J Med Res192714556563

105.

Aslamkhan

A gynandromorph of Culex fuscocephala Theobald from East Pakistan

Mosq News197030271273

106.

Baker

Aslamkhan

Karyotypes of some Asian mosquitoes of the subfamily Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae)

J Med Entomol196964452

10.1093/jmedent/6.1.44

5813262

107.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XII. Further descriptions of Indian species of Culex L. including two new species

Indian J Med Res19241112701272

108.

Sirivanakarn

A revision of the subgenus Culex in the oriental region (Diptera: Culicidae)

Contrib Am Entomol Inst1976121272

109.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XI. Some Indian species of Culex L

Indian J Med Res192411984997

110.

Ameen

Moizuddin

Duration of the various developmental stages of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) in Dacca City

Bangladesh J Zool197511122

111.

Begum

Ahmed

Khoda

Gonotrophic cycle of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Dhaka

Bangladesh J Zool198614111115

112.

Begum

Ahmed

Khoda

Natural mortality of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Dhaka

Bangladesh J Zool198816127136

113.

Hasan

Suguri

Ahmed

Fujimoto

Harada

Rahman

Molecular phylogeography of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in central Bangladesh

Acta Trop2009112106114

10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.005

19595661

114.

Ali

Chowdhury

Hossain

Mahmud Ul

Habiba

Aslam

Laboratory evaluation of selected larvicides and insect growth regulators against field-collected Culex quinquefasciatus larvae from urban Dhaka, Bangladesh

J Am Mosq Control Assoc1999154347

10342267

115.

Ahmed

Hayes

Baqar

Comparison of vector competence for West Nile virus of colonized populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus from southern Asia and the Far East

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health197910498504

538499

116.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XIV. The Indian species of the subgenus Culiciomyia (Theo.) Edw., including one new species

Indian J Med Res1924121720

117.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XIII. Further descriptions of Indian species of Culex L. including three new species

Indian J Med Res19241112771278

118.

Qutubuddin

Culex (Culex) afridii sp. n. a new species of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) from Dacca, East Pakistan

Mosq News195616140142

119.

Aslamkhan

Baker

Karyotypes of some Anopheles, Ficalbia and Culex mosquitoes of Asia

Pak J Zool1969117

120.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part IX. The Indian species of Lutzia Theo

Indian J Med Res192411973974

121.

Barraud PJ. A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XVIII The Indian species of Uranotaenia and Harpagomyia with descriptions of five new species. Indian J Med Res. 1926;14:349.

122.

Ameen

Talukdar

MZI

Pupa of Ficalbia (Mimomyia) chamberlaini (Ludlow) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosq Syst19746206210

123.

Zavortink

Mosquito Studies (Diptera, Culicidae) VIII. A prodrome of the genus Orthopodomyia

Contrib Am Entomol Inst196831221

124.

Zavortink

Contribution to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia IX. The genus Orthopodomyia Theobald in Southeast Asia

Contrib Am Entomol Inst19717137

125.

Rosenberg

Evenhuis

A new species of Toxorhynchites from Bangladesh

Mosq Syst1985173643

126.

Ameen

Talukdar

MZI

Pupa of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosq Syst19746206210

127.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XXVI. The genera Heizmannia, Haemagogus, Topomyia and Megarhinus

Indian J Med Res192917277279

128.

Barraud

A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part XXIV. The Indian species of the subgenera Skusea and Aedes, with descriptions of eight new species, and remarks on a new method for identifying the females of the subgenus Aedes

Indian J Med Res192816368369

129.

Suguna

Rathinam

Rajavel

Dhanda

Morphological and chromosomal descriptions of new species in the Anopheles subpictus complex

Med Vet Entomol199488894

10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00392.x

8161853

130.

Surendran

Sarma

Jude

Kemppainen

Kanthakumaran

Gajapathy

Molecular characterization and identification of members of the Anopheles subpictus complex in Sri Lanka

Malaria J201312304

10.1186/1475-2875-12-304

131.

Kar

Subbarao

Eapen

Ravindran

Satyanarayana

Raghavendra

Evidence for a new malaria vector species, Species E, within the Anopheles culicifacies complex (Diptera: Culicidae)

J Med Entomol199936595600

10.1093/jmedent/36.5.595

10534953

132.

Dusfour

Blondeau

Harbach

Vythilingham

Baimai

Trung

Polymerase chain reaction identification of three members of the Anopheles sundaicus (Diptera: Culicidae) complex, malaria vectors in Southeast Asia

J Med Entomol200744723731

10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[723:PCRIOT]2.0.CO;2

17915501

133.

Atrie

Subbarao

Pilai

MKK

Rao

SRV

Sharma

Population cytogenetic evidence for sibling species in Anopheles annularis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Ann Entomol Soc Am199992243249

10.1093/aesa/92.2.243

134.

Alam

Das

Dev

Ansari

Sharma

Identification of two cryptic species in the Anopheles (Cellia) annularis complex using ribosomal DNA PCR-RFLP

Parasitol Res2007100943948

10.1007/s00436-006-0375-9

17149605

135.

Nanda

Singh

Dua

Pandey

Nagpal

Adak

Dash

Subbarao

Population cytogenetic and molecular evidence for existence of a new species in Anopheles fluviatilis complex (Diptera: Culicidae)

Infect Genet Evol201313218223

10.1016/j.meegid.2012.09.018

23146830

136.

Somboon

Thongwat

Harbach

Anopheles (Cellia) rampae n. sp., alias chromosomal form K of the Oriental Maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in southeast Asia

Zootaxa201128104755

137.

Walton

Somboon

O’Loughlin

Zhang

Harbach

Linton

Genetic diversity and molecular identification of mosquito species in the Anopheles maculatus group using the ITS2 region of rDNA

Infect Genet Evol2007793102

10.1016/j.meegid.2006.05.001

16782411

138.

Rongnoparut

Sirichotpakorn

Rattanarithikul

Yaicharoen

Linthicum

Estimates of gene flow among Anopheles maculatus populations in Thailand using microsatellite analysis

Am J Trop Med Hyg199960508515

10466986

139.

Paredes-Esquivel

Donnelly

Harbach

Townson

A molecular phylogeny of mosquitoes in the Anopheles barbirostris Subgroup reveals cryptic species: implications for identification of disease vectors

Mol Phylogenet Evol200950141151

10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.011

19000771

140.

Taai

Harbach

Systematics of the Anopheles barbirostris species complex (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) in Thailand

Zool J Linn Soc2015174244264

10.1111/zoj.12236

141.

Harbach

Garros

Nguyen

Manguin

Formal taxonomy of species C of the Anopheles minimus sibling species complex (Diptera: Culicidae)

Zootaxa.200716544154

142.

Manguin

Garros

Dusfour

Harbach

Coosemans

Bionomics, taxonomy, and distribution of the major malaria vector taxa of Anopheles subgenus Cellia in Southeast Asia: an updated review

Infect Genet Evol20088489503

10.1016/j.meegid.2007.11.004

18178531

143.

Harrison BA, Rattanarithikul R, Peyton EL, Mongkolpanya K. Taxonomic changes, revised occurrence records and notes on the Culicidae of Thailand and neighboring countries. Mosq Syst. 1990 (1991);22:196–227

144.

Rattanarithikul

Green

Formal recognition of the species of the Anopheles maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) occurring in Thailand, including the descriptions of two new species and a preliminary key to females

Mosq Syst198718246278

145.

Belkin

The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae)1962

Berkeley and Los Angeles

University of California Press

146.

Harbach

Culex pipiens: species versus species complex taxonomic history and perspective

J Am Mosq Control Assoc2012281023

10.2987/8756-971X-28.4.10

23401941

147.

Tanaka

Studies on the pupal mosquitoes of Japan. Genus Lutzia, with establishment of two new subgenera, Metalutzia and Isulalutzia (Diptera, Culicidae)

Jpn J Syst Entomol20039159169

148.

Milligan

Fletcher

Introductory speech by the agricultural adviser

Proceedings of the fourth entomological meeting held at pusa on the 7th to 12th February 1921921

Calcutta

Superintendent Government Printing

113

149.

Harbach

Howard

Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Zootaxa200715423548

150.

Thurman

A contribution to a revision of the Culicidae of northern Thailand

Univ Maryland Agr Exp Sta Bull1959A1001182