Details:

Alternative Title:
Psychol Med
Personal Author:
Scinicariello, Franco ; Buser, Melanie C.
Scinicariello, Franco ; Buser, Melanie C. Less -
Description:
Background

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of depression and several studies have noted an association between tobacco smoke and depression. Cadmium is a neurotoxicant, and the main source of non-occupational exposure is tobacco smoke.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 2892 young adult (20-39 years) participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Multivariate logistic regressions – adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, poverty-income ratio, obesity, alcohol intake, blood lead, and smoking status – were used to analyze the association between blood cadmium and depressive symptoms, as determined by score on the PHQ-9.

Results

Individuals in the highest quartile of blood cadmium had higher odds of having depressive symptoms (OR=2.79; 95% CI, 1.84, 4.25) compared to those in the lowest blood cadmium quartile. Smoking status was statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms while blood lead was not. Stratification by smoking status found that blood cadmium was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in both non-smokers (OR=2.91; 95% CI, 1.12, 7.58) and current smokers (OR=2.69; 95% CI, 1.13, 6.42).

Conclusions

This is the first study reporting an association of blood cadmium levels with depressive symptoms using a nationally representative sample. The association of cadmium with depressive symptoms was independent of smoking status. If this association is further confirmed, the continued efforts at reducing cadmium exposures, mainly through tobacco smoking cessation programs, may decrease the incidence of depression.


Subjects:
[+]
Adult Cadmium Depression Female Humans Male Smoking United States Young Adult
Source:
Psychol Med. 45(4):807-815
Pubmed ID:
25115444
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC4571450
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:c9d63d59552ea57360f9bf86f7ea5af2a6c2c43f651e39bd8966ffac430f86c7
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/34335/cdc_34335_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

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