Details:

Alternative Title:
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Personal Author:
Le Flohic, Guillaume ; Porphyre, Vincent ; Barbazan, Philippe ; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul
Le Flohic, Guillaume ; Porphyre, Vincent ; Barbazan, Philippe ; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul Less -
Description:
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an arthropod-born Flavivirus, is the major cause of viral encephalitis, responsible for 10,000-15,000 deaths each year, yet is a neglected tropical disease. Since the JEV distribution area has been large and continuously extending toward new Asian and Australasian regions, it is considered an emerging and reemerging pathogen. Despite large effective immunization campaigns, Japanese encephalitis remains a disease of global health concern. JEV zoonotic transmission cycles may be either wild or domestic: the first involves wading birds as wild amplifying hosts; the second involves pigs as the main domestic amplifying hosts. Culex mosquito species, especially Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, are the main competent vectors. Although five JEV genotypes circulate, neither clear-cut genotype-phenotype relationship nor clear variations in genotype fitness to hosts or vectors have been identified. Instead, the molecular epidemiology appears highly dependent on vectors, hosts' biology, and on a set of environmental factors. At global scale, climate, land cover, and land use, otherwise strongly dependent on human activities, affect the abundance of JEV vectors, and of wild and domestic hosts. Chiefly, the increase of rice-cultivated surface, intensively used by wading birds, and of pig production in Asia has provided a high availability of resources to mosquito vectors, enhancing the JEV maintenance, amplification, and transmission. At fine scale, the characteristics (density, size, spatial arrangement) of three landscape elements (paddy fields, pig farms, human habitations) facilitate or impede movement of vectors, then determine how the JEV interacts with hosts and vectors and ultimately the infection risk to humans. If the JEV is introduced in a favorable landscape, either by live infected animals or by vectors, then the virus can emerge and become a major threat for human health. Multidisciplinary research is essential to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in the emergence, spread, reemergence, and genotypic changes of JEV.
Subjects:
[+]
Agriculture Animals Birds Climate Culex Disease Vectors Encephalitis, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Japanese Geography Humans Swine Topography, Medical Zoonoses
Source:
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(9).
Document Type:
Journal Article
Place as Subject:
Asia
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:1fbf334ad7c2577e75084313f71baccbdb7be5a1a7d7cfcad1a127cabc906e7b
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/21151/cdc_21151_DS1.pdf
File Type:

Supporting Files

• 	license.txt	txt
  	pntd.0002208.g001.gif	gif
  	pntd.0002208.g001.jpg	jpeg
  	pntd.0002208.nxml	txt

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