Technical Report: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses
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Technical Report: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses

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Details:

  • Corporate Authors:
    National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.)
  • Description:
    Updated July 7, 2023

    This report provides an update to the original report posted on March 17, 2023, to include information on additional sporadic human cases and activity in wild birds, poultry and other animals. The overall risk to human health associated with the ongoing outbreaks of highly pathogenic A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry has not changed and remains low at this time.

    Despite the panzootic nature of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry, only a small number of sporadic human cases of A(H5N1) have been identified since 2022. Nearly all reported human cases since 2022 were associated with recent poultry exposures, and no cases of mammal-to-human or human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus have been identified. In a few cases, the source of exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) virus was unknown. To date, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses currently circulating in birds and poultry, with spillover to mammals, and those that have caused human infections do not have the ability to easily bind to receptors that predominate in the human upper respiratory tract. Therefore, the current risk to the public from HPAI A(H5N1) viruses remains low. However, because of the wide global prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry outbreaks, continued sporadic human infections are anticipated. While U.S. flock outbreaks have declined substantially during spring and summer months, the ongoing global circulation of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds, their ability to spread along migratory flyways and rapidly evolve warrants comprehensive surveillance of these viruses in wild birds, poultry, mammals, and people worldwide, and frequent reassessments are critical to determine the public health risk, along with ongoing preparedness efforts.

  • Content Notes:
    HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in wild birds and poultry -- HPAI A(H5N1) virus infections among mammals -- Human cases of A(H5N1) -- Active monitoring of persons exposed to HPAI A(H5N1) virus in the United States -- U.S. influenza surveillance for human infections with novel influenza A viruses, including HPAI A(H5N1) virus -- CDC and U.S. Government Preparedness Activities -- Limitations of the Report -- Conclusions -- References -- Resources.
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  • Document Type:
    Webpage
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