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Up-to-Date Info: To find the latest CDC information on this topic go to: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/index.html

Guidance on integration of COVID-19 in existing acute febrile illness (AFI) surveillance systems

  • Jan. 13, 2021

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  • English
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      Updated Jan. 13, 2021

      Key actions to reduce transmission of COVID-19, include active case finding, care and isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine. Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) surveillance systems are typically used to better understand common causes of fever. They may also be effectively leveraged to monitor activity associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection as fever may be part of the clinical presentation of COVID-19. In addition, AFI is an umbrella syndrome that, depending on the case definition in use, can envelop a sub-set of the surveillance population presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), two syndromes traditionally associated with surveillance of respiratory diseases similar to COVID-19. Even in situations where AFI surveillance systems enroll patients based on an undifferentiated fever (UF) with a case definition that excludes persons with respiratory symptoms, there may still be an opportunity to detect cases who meet the SARI or ILI case definition during the screening or AFI enrollment process that occurs prior to the enrollment of UF cases.

      This document summarizes CDC’s interim guidance for the surveillance of COVID-19 and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using existing AFI surveillance systems. The document draws on surveillance recommendations published by WHO and CDC, which outline case definitions for COVID-19 and available reporting mechanisms. It is intended to complement efforts to leverage existing national and sub-national influenza surveillance systems, notably through the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)external icon for efficient and cost-effective implementation of COVID-19 surveillance.

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