Details:

Alternative Title:
J Wildl Dis
Personal Author:
Blanton, Jesse D. ; Niezgoda, Michael ; Hanlon, Cathleen A. ; Swope, Craig B. ; Suckow, Jason ; ... More +
Blanton, Jesse D. ; Niezgoda, Michael ; Hanlon, Cathleen A. ; Swope, Craig B. ; Suckow, Jason ; Saidy, Brandi ; Nelson, Kathleen ; Chipman, Richard B. ; Slate, Dennis Less -
Description:
Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) is an effective tactic for wildlife rabies control, particularly for containment of disease spread along epizootic fronts. As part of the continuing evaluation of the ORV program in free-ranging raccoons ( Procyon lotor) in the US, 37 raccoons from ORV-baited areas in Pennsylvania were live-trapped and transferred to captivity to evaluate protection against rabies in animals with varying levels of existing neutralizing antibodies, expressed in international units per milliliter (IU/mL). Among the 37 raccoons at the date of capture, 24% (9/37) of raccoons were seronegative (<0.05 IU/mL), 22% (8/37) were low positive (≥0.05-0.11 IU/mL), 27% (10/37) were medium positive (>0.11-<0.5 IU/mL), and 27% (10/37) were high positive (≥0.5 IU/mL). Raccoons were held for 86-199 d between the date of capture and rabies virus challenge. At challenge, 68% (25/37) raccoons were seronegative. The overall survival rate among challenged animals was 46% (17/37). Based on the antibody titers at the time of challenge, survivorship was 24% (6/25) among seronegative animals, 100% (4/4) among low positive animals, 83% (5/6) among medium positive animals, and 100% (2/2) among high positive animals. Evidence of high-titer seroconversion after vaccination is a good surrogate indicator of rabies survival; however, survival rates of approximately 45% (15/35) were found among raccoons with detectable titers below 0.5 IU/mL. In contrast, any detectable titer at the time of challenge (>3 mo after vaccination) appeared to be a surrogate indicator of survival. Overall, we illustrated significant differences in the value of specific titers as surrogates for survival based on the timing of measurement relative to vaccination. However, survivorship was generally greater than 45% among animals with any detectable titer regardless of the timing of measurement. These findings suggest that lower titer cutoffs may represent a valid approach to measuring immunization coverage within ORV management zones, balancing both sensitivity and specificity for estimating herd immunity.
Subjects:
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Administration, Oral Animals Animals, Wild Antibodies, Viral Rabies Rabies Vaccines Raccoons
Keywords:
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Neutralizing Antibodies Procyon Lotor Rabies Raccoon Vaccination Virus
Source:
J Wildl Dis. 54(3):520-527
Pubmed ID:
29595380
Pubmed Central ID:
PMC6035069
Document Type:
Journal Article
Funding:
CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States/
Collection(s):
CDC Public Access
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:093b260255edbf3a023fdcc836dd1d6249c7b74e9618e5ee23bfbd25b6a8dba0
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/56760/cdc_56760_DS1.pdf
File Type:

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