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Preventing diarrheal disease in developing countries : proven household water treatment options
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January 2010
[PDF-118.78 KB]
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Description:The health consequences of inadequate water and sanitation services include an estimated 4 billion cases of diarrhea and
1.9 million deaths each year, mostly among young children in developing countries. Diarrheal diseases lead to decreased
food intake and nutrient absorption, malnutrition, reduced resistance to infection, and impaired physical growth and
cognitive development. Since 1996, a large body of work has been published that has examined the health impact of
interventions to improve water quality at the point-of-use through household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS).
Five interventions – chlorination, solar disinfection, ceramic filtration, slow sand filtration, and PUR – have been proven
to reduce diarrhea in users in developing countries and improve the microbiological quality of stored household water and are discussed below. The most appropriate HWTS option for a location depends on existing water and sanitation conditions, water quality, cultural acceptability, implementation feasibility, availability of HWTS technologies, and other local conditions.
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