Details:

Journal Article:
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
Personal Author:
Staples, J. Erin ; Dziuban, Eric J. ; Fischer, Marc ; Muñoz, Jorge L. ; Powers, Ann M. ; ... More +
Staples, J. Erin ; Dziuban, Eric J. ; Fischer, Marc ; Muñoz, Jorge L. ; Powers, Ann M. ; Honein, Margaret A. ; Moore, Cynthia A. Less -
Corporate Authors:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Description:
CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. These guidelines include recommendations for the testing and management of these infants. Guidance is subject to change as more information becomes available; the latest information, including answers to commonly asked questions, can be found online (http://www.cdc.gov/zika). Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) (1). Zika virus testing is recommended for 1) infants with microcephaly or intracranial calcifications born to women who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission while pregnant; or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. Health care providers should contact their state or territorial health department to facilitate testing. As an arboviral disease, Zika virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition.

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (2,3). Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses (4). Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn (5,6). Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, but Zika virus transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented (5).

During outbreaks, humans are the primary host for Zika virus. An estimated 80% of persons infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic (2,7). Symptomatic disease generally is mild and characterized by acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or nonpurulent conjunctivitis. Symptoms typically last from several days to 1 week. Based on information from previous outbreaks, severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon and fatalities are rare (6,7). During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (6,8,9). The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection (6,8–11).

Suggested citation for this article: Staples JE, Dziuban EJ, Fischer M, et al. Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection — United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65(Early Release):1–5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e3er.

mm6502e1er.pdf


Subjects:
[+]
Infant Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis Zika Virus Infection Zika Virus Infection/congenital Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis
Series:
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report ; v. 62, no. 3, early release, January 26, 2016, p. 1-5
Document Type:
Journal Article
Genre:
Guideline
Collection(s):
Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library collection Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
Main Document Checksum:
[+]
urn:sha256:cfaa88632f03a59f6c08756580b3bfd653b5133c17f43c412297b60fefa461a1
Download URL:
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/37598/cdc_37598_DS1.pdf
File Type:

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