Costs and Willingness to Pay for Pit Latrine Emptying Services in Kigali, Rwanda

Details

• Personal Author:
  Burt Z ; Murray A ; Sklar R
• Description:
  Kigali, Rwanda lacks a centralized sewer system, which leaves residents to choose between on-site options; the majority of residents in informal settlements use pit latrines as their primary form of sanitation. When their pits fill, the pits are either sealed, or emptied; emptying is often done by hand and then dumped in the environment, putting the residents and the broader population at risk of infectious disease outbreaks. In this paper, we used revealed and stated preference models to: (1) estimate the demand curve for improved emptying services; and, (2) evaluate household preferences and the willingness to pay (WTP) for different attributes of improved emptying services. We also quantify the costs of improved service delivery at different scales of production. The study included 1167 households from Kigali, Rwanda across 30 geographic clusters. Our results show that, at a price of US$79 per pit, 15% of all the pits would be emptied by improved emptying services, roughly the current rate of manual emptying. Grouping empties by neighborhood and ensuring that each truck services an average of four households per day could reduce the production costs to US$44 per empty, ensuring full cost coverage at that price. At a lower price of US$24, we estimate that the sealing of pits might be fully eliminated, with full coverage of improved emptying services for all pits; this would require a relatively small subsidy of US$20 per empty. Our results show that households had strong preferences for fecal sludge (FS) treatment, formalized services (which include worker protections), and distant disposal. The results from the study indicate a few key policies and operational strategies that can be used for maximizing the inclusion of low-income households in safely managed sanitation services, while also incorporating household preferences and participation. [Description provided by NIOSH]
• Subjects:
  Communicable Diseases Demography Environmental Exposure Occupational Health Risk Assessment Risk Factors Safety
• Keywords:
  Author Keywords: FSM Cost Of Service Demographic Characteristics Exposure Levels Fecal Sludge Management Formalization Infectious Agents Infectious Diseases Infectious Waste Informal Settlements On-site Sanitation Pit Latrines Protective Measures Risk Factors Sanitation Sewer Cleaning Willingness To Pay

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• ISSN:
  1660-4601
• Document Type:
  Text
• Funding:
  Grant
• Genre:
  Journal Article
• Place as Subject:
  California ; Maryland ; Massachusetts ; OSHA Region 1 ; OSHA Region 3 ; OSHA Region 9
• CIO:
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Topic:
  Workplace Safety & Health
• Location:
  North America
• Volume:
  16
• Issue:
  23
• NIOSHTIC Number:
  nn:20057932
• Citation:
  Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Dec; 16(23):4738
• Contact Point Address:
  Zachary Burt, Athena Infonomics, Rockville, MD 20850
• Email:
  zachary.b@athenainfonomics.com
• Federal Fiscal Year:
  2020
• Performing Organization:
  University of California, Berkeley
• Peer Reviewed:
  True
• Start Date:
  20050701
• Source Full Name:
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• End Date:
  20250630
• Collection(s):
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Main Document Checksum:
  urn:sha-512:0be4b4a3e37a83a20ce87b69f12a1c9f14d19a9d4c93f6553cba7f3249d1630c460a0e6f1b622f8f8f1da264634f7debdee3b7cbb5e156ffc79d0d83ae32d18d
• Download URL:
  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/215134/cdc_215134_DS1.pdf
• File Type:
  [PDF - 676.97 KB ]