The mission of the NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health Research (OMSHR) is to eliminate mine worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses through research and prevention. OMSHR’s history began in 1910 with the creation of the U.S. Bureau of Mines and has continued for more than 100 years, transitioning to OMSHR in the mid-1990s when the U.S. Bureau of Mines was closed. OMSHR currently conducts in-house research and collaborates with many national and international partners to develop technologies, improve guidelines, and promote best practices that create safer and healthier working environments. This collection, containing historical documents dating from the early 1940s, demonstrates the long and rich history of advancing mine worker safety and health.